C Programming Training in Vizag

Programming Foundations

• What is programming and why C is used for fundamentals
• Compiler, interpreter, source code, object code, and executable flow
• Installing and using a C compiler, VS Code, and command line basics
• Structure of a C program: header files, main function, statements, comments
• Variables, constants, keywords, identifiers, and naming conventions
• Data types: int, float, double, char, signed and unsigned basics
• Input and output using scanf, printf, format specifiers, and escape sequences

Operators and Control Flow

• Arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment, and decrement operators
• Operator precedence, associativity, and expression evaluation
• if, if-else, nested if, else-if ladder, and decision-making programs
• switch-case, break, default, and menu-driven logic
• Common beginner mistakes in conditions and expression writing
• Practice problems: largest number, grading, billing, eligibility, calculator

Loops and Pattern Logic

• for, while, and do-while loops with dry-run tracing
• Nested loops and loop control using break and continue
• Number programs: factorial, prime, palindrome, Armstrong, Fibonacci
• Pattern programs: stars, numbers, pyramids, grids, and triangles
• Loop debugging: infinite loops, off-by-one errors, wrong initialization
• Interview practice: output tracing and loop prediction questions

Functions and Modular Programming

• Why functions are used and how to split a program into modules
• Function declaration, definition, calling, parameters, and return values
• Pass-by-value semantics, including passing pointer values to functions
• Scope, lifetime, local variables, global variables, and storage class basics
• Recursive functions and simple recursion tracing
• Function-based projects: calculator, marksheet, conversion tools, validation logic

Arrays and Strings

• One-dimensional arrays: declaration, initialization, traversal, search
• Array programs: sum, average, max, min, count, sorting basics
• Two-dimensional arrays and matrix operations
• Character arrays and strings in C
• String handling functions and manual string operations
• Programs: reverse string, palindrome string, count vowels, compare strings, sort marks

Pointers and Memory Concepts

• Memory addresses, pointer variables, dereferencing, and pointer syntax
• Pointer with variables, arrays, strings, and functions
• Pointer arithmetic basics and common pointer mistakes
• Using pointer parameters to modify the pointed-to object
• Relationship between arrays and pointers
• Introduction to dynamic memory concepts: malloc, calloc, free overview

Structures, Unions and Files

• Structures for grouping related data
• Array of structures for student, employee, product, and account records
• Nested structures and structure with functions
• Union concept and difference between structure and union
• File handling: fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf, fgets, fputs basics
• Mini project: file-based student or employee record system

Debugging, Projects and Interviews

• Syntax errors, logical errors, runtime errors, and debugging workflow
• Dry-run method for tracing variables and output
• Common C interview questions on loops, arrays, pointers, functions, and strings
• Mini projects: marksheet, banking menu, string utilities, file record system
• GitHub basics: project folder, README, screenshots, and explanation notes
• Mock interview practice with code explanation and output tracing

Build and inspect

With GCC installed, try gcc -std=c17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic marks.c -o marks. Read compiler diagnostics and trace the variables. Warnings help find mistakes but do not prove a program is correct. The average example above should display Average: 84.25.

Check input and bounds

For a marksheet exercise, decide which marks are valid, how empty input is handled and what an oversized record should do. Practise line input and numeric conversion, check array indices and leave room for a string’s terminating null character.

Explain memory and failures

State who owns an allocated object and when it is released. Review pointer lifetime and ownership before using a pointer after a function returns. When a file cannot be opened or memory cannot be allocated, handle the failure instead of continuing with an invalid result.