Introduction
The Structure of a C Program
Writing C Programs
Building an Executable Version of a C Program
Debugging a C Program
Examining and Running a C Application Program
C Basics
Token in C language
Data Types and Variables
Identifiers
Keywords
Operators
Arithmetic Expressions
Input/Output Management
The Input/Output Concept
Formatted Input Function
Control-Flow Statements
The Control-Flow Program Statements
if-else Statements
Nested if-else
Else if Ladder
Switch Case
Break, Continue and Goto
Looping Statements
Advantages of Loops
Using Loops
For Loop
While Loop
Do-While Loop
Nested for Loops
Arrays in C Language
Why Use Arrays?
Using Arrays
Array Declaration
Array Initialization
Reading and Executing Array Elements
Types of Arrays
One-Dimensional Array
Multi-Dimensional Array
Strings
Uses of Strings
String Declaration
Reading and Printing String variables
String Manipulation
String Functions
Functions
Introduction to Function
Uses of Functions
Pre-defined Functions
Modular Programming with Functions
Function Categories
Types of Functions
Recursive Functions
Passing Arrays as Function parameters
Function prototyping
Call by value and call by reference
Local and Global variables
Pointers
What is a Pointer?
Advantages of Pointers
Accessing a Pointer variable
Pointer Arithmetic
Pointers as Function parameters
Pointer to Arrays
Pointer to Strings
Pointer to pointers
Pointer to Structures
Structures
Defining a Structure
Creating a Structure variable
Accessing Structure members
Nested Structures
Structure to Functions
Typedef in C
Unions in C
Advanced Topics
Macros
Pre-processor directives
Dynamic Memory Allocation
Files
File Operations
Introduction to C++ Language
Introduction
C vs C++
Executing a sample C++ program
C++ Basics
Data types
Variables and constants
Identifiers
C++ keywords
Operators and Expressions
Input and Output Function
Control Structures
If-else
Else-if ladder
Switch case
For loops
While and do-while loops
Nested loops
Break and Continue
Arrays and Strings
Array Declaration in C++
Using Arrays
One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
Strings Basics
String Functions
Functions and Pointers
Functions in C++
In-built functions
User-defined functions
Calling a function
Function Prototyping
Pointers in C++
Pointer operations
Object Oriented
Basics of OOPs
Classes and Objects
Member Functions
Member Variables
Constructors and Destructors
This pointer
Static members
Friend functions
Inheritance
Class inheritance
Types of inheritance
Function overriding
Multiple inheritance
Virtual functions
Polymorphism
Basics of polymorphism
Operator overloading
Function overloading
Function overriding
Virtual Base class
Pure virtual functions
Interfaces and packages
What is an interface
Implementing interface
Abstract class
Data Abstraction
Packages
Creating and using packages
Exception handling
What is an Exception
How to handle an Exception
Try and Catch Block
Using throw Keyword
Throws
Custom Exceptions
I/O Streams
File Streams
File Handling in C++
Text and Binary file Handling
File operations
Templates
Introduction to Templates
Function and Class templates
Objectives
To know the importance of C language
To know how to work with IDE
Able to learn programming techniques
Able to write looping mechanisms
To know how to use arrays
To know Arrays, Strings and Pointers
Able to learn Dynamic Memory allocation
To know complex programs
Able to know how to read and write data from files
Able to learn Macros
C Question and Answers
Differences between void main() and int main()?
Void main() means the main function doesn’t return any value, whereas int main() means functions return an integer value. For int main() return 0 is the standard for successful execution of a program. If you won’t keep anything before main() it will treat as int main().
Difference between a function definition and function declaration
Function declaration means we are telling the compiler about the size, type, and arguments. We are telling function prototype to the compiler. There will be no space allocated in the memory for a function declaration.
Function definition means when we write code inside a function. We will specify the return type. When we define a function memory will be allocated.
Examples for low-level language, middle-level, and high-level language
Low-level language – Machine language, one step upper to this is assembly language. Low-level language doesn’t need any compiler to convert the program
Middle-level language – C language. By using C we can write system programming and also application programming that’s why C is a middle language. C language uses a compiler to convert the program.
High-level language – Basic, Fortran, C++, Java, and Pascal. The high-level language is easy to write for a human. They needed compilers to convert the program.