SAP FICO Configuration Steps – A Step-by-Step Implementation Guide (2025)

SAP • FICO • 2025

SAP FICO Configuration Steps – A Step-by-Step Implementation Guide

Configure the FICO backbone in S/4HANA: create your company code, set fiscal year variants, prepare the chart of accounts, and control posting periods. Below you’ll find SPRO paths, essential tcodes, and quick testing tips.

Table of Contents Prerequisites & Landscape Key SPRO Paths & Tcodes Step 1 — Company Code Creation Step 2 — Fiscal Year Variant Step 3 — Chart of Accounts Step 4 — Posting Period Variant & Control Optional: Number Ranges, Doc Types, Tolerances Testing & Common Errors

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Prerequisites & Landscape

Scope & org plan: enterprise structure (Company, Company Code, Controlling Area).
Currency decisions: company code currency, group currency, parallel currencies.
Baseline chart of accounts (operating COA) and account groups.
Authorizations to IMG (SPRO) and FI/CO config activities.

Tip: Document decisions in a config workbook before making changes in the IMG.

Key SPRO Paths & Tcodes

Task	SPRO Path	Tcode (classic)
Company Code	Enterprise Structure → Definition → Financial Accounting → Define Company / Define Company Code	OX15
Assign Company ↔ Company Code	Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Financial Accounting → Assign Company Code to Company	OX16
Fiscal Year Variant	Financial Accounting (FI) → Financial Accounting Global Settings → Fiscal Year → Maintain FY Variant	OB29
Assign FY Variant to Co. Code	FI Global Settings → Fiscal Year → Assign Company Code to FY Variant	OB37
Chart of Accounts	FI Global Settings → Ledgers → Master Data → G/L Accounts → Edit Chart of Accounts List	OB13
Assign COA to Co. Code	G/L Master Data → Preparations → Assign Company Code to Chart of Accounts	OB62
Posting Period Variant	FI Global Settings → Posting Periods → Define & Assign Posting Period Variant	OBBO / OBBP
Open/Close Posting Periods	FI Global Settings → Posting Periods → Open and Close Periods	OB52

Paths may appear slightly different in S/4HANA but the sequence remains similar.

Foundation

Step 1 — Company Code Creation

Define Company (consolidation level): name, country, currency.
Create Company Code: address, country, language, currency, FY variant placeholder.
Assign Company Code → Company.

Field	Example	Notes
Company Code	1000	4-character ID (A–Z/0–9)
Currency	INR	Set group/parallel currencies later if required
Country	IN	Drives localizations (tax, address, formats)

You can copy an existing company code as a template (e.g., EC01), then update specifics.

Calendar Setup

Step 2 — Define & Assign Fiscal Year Variant

Create or reuse a Fiscal Year Variant (FYV): e.g., K4 (Jan–Dec) or custom Apr–Mar.
Set periods (12 normal + special periods for adjustments).
Mark year-dependent if month lengths vary by year.
Assign FYV → Company Code.

Setting	Typical Value	Impact
FYV	K4 / Custom (A4 for Apr–Mar)	Controls posting period calendar
Periods	12 + 4 special	Special periods for year-end adjustments
Year-Dependent?	Yes/No	Use “Yes” for 4-4-5 or irregular month lengths

Once transactions exist, changing FYV is complex—finalize early.

Accounts Backbone

Step 3 — Chart of Accounts (COA)

Define COA: COA ID, description, language, length of G/L number, group chart if used.
Assign COA → Company Code.
Create Account Groups and Field Status (controls required/optional fields).
Maintain G/L Master templates (balance sheet vs P&L, open item management, tax relevant).

Decision	Option	Consideration
Account length	6–10 digits	Room for growth; aligns with legacy mapping
Open item mgmt	On/Off	Enable for reconciliation-style accounts
Recon accounts	AR/AP/Assets	Auto-updated from subledgers; no direct postings

Use a group COA for consolidation mapping if multiple operating COAs exist.

Controls & Periods

Step 4 — Posting Period Variant & Period Control

Define PPV (Posting Period Variant) and rules (account type + period ranges).
Assign PPV → Company Code.
Use OB52 to Open/Close Periods per account type and authorization group.
Set special periods for year-end adjustments.

Acct Type	From/To Period	FY	Auth Group	Notes
+	01 → 12	2025	FI_CLERK	Opens for all account types
A / D / K / S / M	01 → 12	2025	FI_MGR	Fine control by asset, customer, vendor, G/L, material

Lock periods promptly after close; use authorization groups to restrict late postings.

Recommended Next

Optional: Number Ranges, Document Types, Tolerances

Document Types (OBA7): e.g., SA G/L, KR Vendor, DR Customer; posting keys.
Number Ranges (FBN1): per company code & fiscal year.
Tolerance Groups (OBA0): user/customer/vendor tolerances.
Field Status Variant (OBC4): control document field behavior.

These controls prevent data-entry errors and standardize postings across teams.

Testing & Common Errors

Quick Smoke Test

Create a sample G/L and post a document (FB50 / Fiori app).
Post a vendor invoice (FB60) and customer invoice (FB70).
Run depreciation test if AA is in scope (AFAB).

Frequent Issues

“Posting date not in permitted range” → Maintain OB52 for that account type.
“Account not defined in chart” → Create G/L in operating COA & extend to company code.
“Balance in transaction currency” → Check currency settings & exchange rates.
“No fiscal year variant assigned” → Ensure FYV is assigned to company code (OB37).